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Location tech called UWB could help you unlock your car with your phone. Here’s how
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You’ve heard of wireless standards like , and . Now it’s time to learn about another: ultra wideband, or UWB.
The technology, which has begun arriving in phones, tracking tags and a few cars, uses radio signals to pinpoint a device’s location. UWB is the foundation of tracking tags like and , which can help you find a lost keychain, purse, wallet or pet. In a few cases, like the like the , UWB lets you unlock your car as you approach with your phone, and it should let you do so with your home’s front door, too.
UWB calculates locations to within less than a half inch by measuring how long it takes super-short radio pulses to travel between devices. It can also transfer data — indeed, that’s what it was originally designed to do more than a decade ago — but for now, that’s a sidelight compared to precise positioning.
For now, UWB’s uses are limited. But as it matures and spreads to more devices, UWB could lead to a world where just carrying your phone or wearing your watch helps log you into your laptop as you approach or lock your house when you leave.
Apple is one of the biggest UWB fans. It designed its own UWB chip, the U1, and builds it into iPhones, AirTags and Apple Watches. That’s how newer iPhones use “precision finding” to lead you to an an AirTag-equipped keychain or Apple Watch within range. Carmakers including , BMW, Hyundai and are hot for UWB, too.
“Being able to determine precisely where you are in an environment is increasingly important,” said ABI Research analyst Andrew Zignani, who expects shipments of UWB-enabled devices to surge from 150 million in 2020 to 1 billion in 2025. “Once a technology becomes embedded in a smartphone, that opens up very significant opportunities for wireless technology.”
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Here’s a look at UWB and its uses.
What’s UWB good for?
is useful for finding yourself on a map but struggles with anything much more precise and indoors. UWB doesn’t have those handicaps. But UWB’s potential goes far beyond that practical feature.
UWB could switch your TV from your child’s Netflix profile to yours. Your smart speaker could give calendar alerts only for the people in the room. Your laptop could wake up when you enter the home office.
Imagine this scenario: You leave the office and as you near your car, receivers in its doors recognize your phone and unlock the vehicle for you. When you get out of the car at home, the receivers recognize you’re no longer in the vehicle and lock the doors.
With UWB, your home could recognize that you’re returning at night and illuminate your walkway. It could then automatically unlock your front door. Your music and lights could follow you from room to room.
“I’m walking in a sound and light cocoon in my house,” said Lars Reger, chief technology officer of , a UWB proponent whose chips are widely used in cars.
Samsung’s UWB technology for precisely tracking your location will be able to automatically unlock car doors with digital keys in your smartphone.
Screenshot by Stephen Shankland/CNET
Bluetooth-based location sensing takes at least two seconds to get an accurate fix on your location, but UWB is a thousand times faster, Reger said.
UWB will add more than convenience, supporters say. Conventional key fobs have problems in regard to remotely unlocking cars: criminals can use that to steal a vehicle. Case in point: security researchers at NCC Group demonstrating in May they could . Tesla told the researchers that such relay attacks are a known limitation.
UWB has cryptographic protections against that sort of problem. And Tesla, for one, is interested. UWB’s precise timing and positioning technology means it’s “immune to relay attacks,” the carmaker said in a for new wireless key fobs and in-car equipment seen by the Verge.
This same ability to track your movements has downsides, particularly if you don’t like the idea of the government following your movements or coffee shops flooding your phone with coupons as you walk by. But with today’s privacy push, expect phone makers to prohibit anyone from tracking your phone without your permission.
How is Google supporting UWB?
Google’s support for UWB began in 2021 with its Pixel 6 phones. But the company’s influence is greater through its Android phone software.
Google added limited UWB support into Android 12 in 2021, but it should improve with Android 13 in 2022. That’s because the company is opening up the programming interface , not just Google’s software. Google also is to Android’s that could spread UWB support so apps can use it on earlier phones, too.
technology so you will be able to use your phone as a car key on some BMW models. Android can . Expect broader support among carmakers in coming years.
How is Apple supporting UWB?
The , and smartphones include . It joins a handful of other processors Apple has developed, including the , the , and , and the on Macs.
Apple AirTags incorporate UWB.
Credit: Apple/Screenshot by CNET
AirTags really bring the technology alive, though. UWB communicates with an iPhone 11 or 12 so a big arrow leads you to the tag. When UWB isn’t in range, a Bluetooth connection means AirTags tap into Apple’s Find My system, which lets other people’s devices discover your AirTag’s location and share it privately with you.
“The new Apple-designed U1 chip uses ultra wideband technology for spatial awareness — allowing iPhone 11 Pro to precisely locate other U1-equipped Apple devices. It’s like adding another sense to [the] iPhone,” Apple said of the U1 chip when it arrived. Here’s another use: “With U1 and iOS 13, you can point your iPhone toward someone else’s, and AirDrop will prioritize that device so you can share files faster.”
The and also have to make them easier for you to locate.
Apple only promises UWB links between its own devices for now. But UWB standardization should open up a world of other connections, and software tweaks should let Apple adapt as UWB standards mature.
Apple’s years of UWB work are evident in several patents. That includes patents for , using a , so your car can send your phone a request for biometric authentication, and letting to grant you access to your car.
Apple says UWB will help you find your dog, control your thermostat and unlock your front door.
Apple via US PTO
How is Samsung supporting UWB?
Samsung supports UWB in its , , and .
“You’ll be able to unlock your car door with your phone,” said Kevin Chung of Samsung’s direct-to-consumer center during the S21 2021 launch. “The door will unlock when you reach it — no sooner, no later.”
lets you send digital keys to friends or family members, and Samsung’s AR finder app will point the direction to your car in a crowded parking lot. Samsung has digital key partnerships with BMW, Audi, Ford and Genesis Motor.
uses UWB.
Who else is interested in UWB?
Other companies involved with UWB include consumer electronics giant ; chipmakers , Qualcomm, NXP and STMicroelectronics; carmakers Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Jaguar Land Rover; and car electronics powerhouse .
Another notable player is Tile, which has sold tracking tags for years to help you find things like keychains and wallets. The UWB-based was due in early 2022, but Life360 acquired the company and is reviewing product launch timing. It still plans to ship the Tile Ultra “when the time is right for the combined company,” a Tile representative said in a statement.
Confusingly, those companies have banded together into two industry groups, the that and the (short for “fine ranging”) that . , Apple isn’t listed as a member of either.
On top of that, there’s the technology. The three groups have figured out who’s doing what now to avoid stepping on each other’s toes, Harrington said.
FiRa is working on standards to ensure UWB devices work together properly, while the from the that UWB also uses. For example, there are brief pauses in signals sent in the 6GHz band, and UWB transmissions could sneak into those gaps, said UWB Alliance executive director Tim Harrington.
How does UWB work?
The idea behind UWB has been around for decades. Indeed, the University of Southern California . Some of the concepts date back to radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi, Harrington says.
UWB devices send lots of very short, low-power pulses of energy across an unusually wide spectrum of radio airwaves. UWB’s frequency range spans at least 500MHz, compared with Wi-Fi channels often about a tenth as wide. UWB’s low-power signals cause little interference with other radio transmissions.
UWB sends up to 1 billion pulses per second — that’s 1 per nanosecond. By sending pulses in patterns, UWB encodes information. It takes between 32 and 128 pulses to encode a single bit of data, Harrington said, but given how fast the bits arrive, that enables data rates of 7 to 27 megabits per second. Tesla could be interested in UWB’s data transfer abilities, promising speeds up to 7.8Mbps.
Apple’s Phil Schiller touted the company’s U1 chip for UWB in the iPhone 11 in 2019.
Screenshot and illustration by Stephen Shankland/CNET
The (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) developed a UWB standard called more than 15 years ago, but it didn’t catch on for its original intended use, sending data fast.
Location sensing made UWB a hot topic again?
Companies like , but most tech giants like it for measuring location precisely. Even though 802.15.4 flopped when first created years ago, UWB’s renaissance is occurring because its super-short radio pulses let computers calculate distances very precisely.
Now UWB development is active again, for example with the that bolsters security for key fobs and payments and improves location accuracy to less than a centimeter. Fixing today’s relay attack problems, where someone with radio technology essentially copies and pastes radio communications of key fobs or smartphone unlocking systems, was a top priority for 802.15.4z. “With the precise timing you get off UWB and the ability to know exactly where you are, you can cut the man in the middle [relay] attack completely,” Harrington said.
Another area of active development is improving how you can use your phone to make payments at a payment terminal.
Radio waves travel about 30 centimeters (1 foot) in a billionth of a second, but with short pulses, devices can calculate distances very exactly by measuring the “time of flight” of a radio signal to another device that responds with its own signal. With multiple antennas positioned in different spots, UWB radios can calculate the direction to another device, not just the distance.
UWB dovetails nicely with the , the networking of doorbells, speakers, lightbulbs and other devices.
It’s already used for location sensing. , part of broadcast technology used for instant replay animations. A football’s location is updated 2,000 times per second, according to Harrington.
to track more than 10,000 tools, carts and other items on its vast factory floors.
UWB uses very little power. A sensor that sends a pulse once every second is expected to work for seven years off a single coin battery.
Verizon has 5G Ultra Wideband. Is that the same thing?
No. , but it’s merely a branding label.
“5G Ultra Wideband is our brand name for our 5G service,” said spokesman Kevin King. “It’s not a technology.”
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What Is Juneteenth, the Newest Federal Holiday?
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is today, and 2022 marks the second year it’s been an official federal holiday. President Joe Biden signed the last year, making it the first new federal holiday since Martin Luther King Jr. Day was added in .
A portmanteau of the date it’s celebrated, Juneteenth commemorates the freedom of enslaved Black people in the US. It’s also known as Freedom Day or Jubilee Day.
“The emancipation of enslaved Black Americans didn’t mark the end of America’s work to deliver on the promise of equality; it only marked the beginning,” just before signing the Juneteenth holiday into law. “To honor the true meaning of Juneteenth, we have to continue toward that promise because we’ve not gotten there yet.”
The observation of Juneteenth stretches back to 1865, but the holiday gained significant national attention in 2020, after the deaths of , , , and others sparked against police brutality and systematic violence aimed at Black Americans.
Here’s what to know about Juneteenth, including the history of the day, how and when it’s observed, how you can celebrate and which states have made it a public holiday.
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What does making Juneteenth a federal holiday mean?
Biden signed the in 2021, making it a federal holiday. That means it’s like holidays including Labor Day, Memorial Day and New Year’s Day. Juneteenth is the 11th federal holiday in the US.
As with other federal holidays, banks, schools and government companies (like post offices) are expected to be closed. Since Juneteenth falls on a Sunday this year, many workers in states that recognize the holiday will have Monday, June 20, off of work, though some will instead observe it on Friday, June 17.
How did Juneteenth come to symbolize the end of Black enslavement?
Juneteenth commemorates June 19, 1865, when Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger , and abolishing the institution of slavery in the state:
“The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor.”
The moment was significant. Texas had been the last of the Confederate states in which enslavement continued, despite President Abraham Lincoln’s to end slavery in 1863 and despite the end of the Civil War on April 9, 1865. Texas was the most remote state in the Confederacy, and it took Union forces until June to reach Texas in sufficient numbers to announce and enforce the federal order that ended slavery there. (The , which added the abolishment of slavery to the Constitution, passed Congress in January 1865, but wasn’t ratified and adopted until December 1865.)
Since June 19, 1865, Americans have observed and celebrated Juneteenth as Emancipation Day, a day of freedom. In 1980, Texas began marking Juneteenth as an , the first state to do so. Now, nearly all states commemorate or observe Juneteenth to some degree.
How is Juneteenth observed?
Some that you may still see today are rodeos, fishing, barbecuing and baseball, according to the Juneteenth website. A prayer service, speaker series, reading of the Emancipation Proclamation and dances are among , according to the Texas State Library and Archives Commission.
How can I celebrate Juneteenth in 2022?
Order food from a Black-owned restaurant: Support Black restaurant owners in your community by ordering food on Juneteenth and beyond — here are . Yelp and Uber Eats can help you find these restaurants on their apps. You can also visit to find Black-owned restaurants in most major US cities.
Black lives matter. Support the cause in these eight ways: From making donations to getting more involved in your local community, here are real ideas you can participate in to and mlb shirts antiracism, even from your living room.
Educate yourself and reflect: While slavery ended in 1865, racism persists in countless institutions. Use June 19 as a day to reflect on critical issues that perpetuate discrimination against Black people in America and around the world. Spend the day reading about Juneteenth’s history, including how Black families felt after being emancipated. Watch the , or engage with other that can help reveal real-world, present-day issues.
Watch online Juneteenth events: Tune in virtually to the or and find a listing of local events where you live.
Place a sign in your front yard: Raise awareness and show your support for Juneteenth by decorating a sign for your front yard or door. This is a great way to help educate younger kids in your neighborhood who may not know about the holiday.
Celebrate with a barbecue or family meal: Gather your family together to celebrate freedom. Since the pandemic is still a serious concern, make sure you’re following your state’s guidelines for indoor group gatherings (here are the ). If you’re celebrating indoors, we recommend opening windows for ventilation.
Juneteenth only comes once a year, but there are more ways you can help your community all year long — for instance, .
In which states is Juneteenth a paid holiday?
While many states celebrate Juneteenth as a holiday, these are the states that observe it as a paid holiday. Note that many cities in the states not listed also recognize it as a paid holiday.
- Illinois
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Jersey
- New York
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Texas
- Virginia
- Washington
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